Jak uspět u ústní zkoušky u maturity z angličtiny a získat vynikající hodnocení, když studujete na zdravotnické škole, a když si vytáhnete maturitní otázku na odborné téma The Human Body (Lidské tělo)? Tuto otázku si klade většina maturantů z angličtiny, když se na ústní zkoušku poctivě připravují. Abychom to všem maturantům z AJ co nejvíce usnadnili, připravil Nový Amos vypracované otázky na všechna maturitní témata angličtina, která se u ústní maturity z AJ objevují úplně nejčastěji. Postupně si také projdeme všechny dovednosti na mluvení (speaking) anglicky na dané téma. Tak pojďme na to, uvidíte, že sice úplně zadarmo to nebude, ale s trochou přípravy to zvládneme a u maturity z angličtiny uspějeme.
Vypracovaný text na maturitní téma The Human Body
The Skeletal System
The skeletal system is the framework of bones that supports our body. It gives shape to the body and protects vital organs, such as the brain, heart, and lungs. The skeletal system also plays a crucial role in movement, as muscles are attached to bones, allowing us to walk, run, and perform various activities. Additionally, bones store minerals like calcium and phosphorus, which are essential for the body’s overall health. The skeletal system is made up of 206 bones in an adult human, and these bones work together to keep the body strong and flexible.
The Muscular System
The muscular system is made up of muscles that are responsible for movement in the body. There are three types of muscles: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and help us move voluntarily, like when we walk or lift objects. Smooth muscles are found in the walls of internal organs, such as the stomach and intestines, and they work automatically without us thinking about them. Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart and is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. Muscles work by contracting and relaxing, and they require energy from food to function properly.
The Nervous System
The nervous system controls and coordinates all the activities in the body. It is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. The brain is the control center of the body and processes information from the senses, such as sight, hearing, and touch. The spinal cord connects the brain to the rest of the body and transmits signals between them. Nerves carry messages from the brain and spinal cord to different parts of the body, allowing us to respond to our environment. The nervous system also controls involuntary actions, like breathing and heartbeat, ensuring that the body functions smoothly.
The Circulatory System
The circulatory system is responsible for transporting blood, oxygen, and nutrients throughout the body. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart is a powerful muscle that pumps blood through a network of arteries, veins, and capillaries. Blood carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and returns carbon dioxide to the lungs to be exhaled. The circulatory system also helps regulate body temperature and remove waste products from the body. It is essential for maintaining overall health and ensuring that all parts of the body receive the oxygen and nutrients they need to function.
The Respiratory System
The respiratory system is responsible for taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from the body. It includes the nose, throat, windpipe, and lungs. When we breathe in, air enters the lungs, where oxygen is absorbed into the blood. The blood then carries the oxygen to the rest of the body. At the same time, carbon dioxide, a waste product, is carried back to the lungs and exhaled. The respiratory system works closely with the circulatory system to ensure that the body has a constant supply of oxygen and that waste gases are efficiently removed.
The Digestive System
The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients that the body can use for energy, growth, and repair. It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and other organs. Digestion begins in the mouth, where food is chewed and mixed with saliva. It then travels down the esophagus to the stomach, where it is further broken down by stomach acids. The small intestine absorbs nutrients from the food, while the large intestine absorbs water and forms waste products that are excreted from the body. The digestive system plays a key role in maintaining overall health by providing the body with the nutrients it needs.
The Immune System
The immune system protects the body from infections and diseases. It is made up of various organs, cells, and proteins that work together to defend the body against harmful invaders, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, are the main players in the immune system. They identify and destroy foreign invaders, helping to prevent illnesses. The immune system also has a memory, which means it can recognize and respond more quickly to invaders it has encountered before. A strong immune system is essential for maintaining good health and preventing infections.
The Endocrine System
The endocrine system is made up of glands that produce hormones, which are chemical messengers that regulate many of the body’s functions. These hormones control processes such as growth, metabolism, and mood. The major glands in the endocrine system include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and pancreas. The pituitary gland, often called the “master gland,” controls other glands and influences growth and development. The thyroid gland regulates metabolism, while the adrenal glands produce hormones that help the body respond to stress. The pancreas produces insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels. The endocrine system plays a vital role in maintaining the body’s balance and ensuring that it functions properly.
The Reproductive System
The reproductive system is responsible for producing offspring and ensuring the survival of the species. In males, the reproductive system includes the testes, which produce sperm, and the penis, which delivers sperm to the female reproductive system. In females, the reproductive system includes the ovaries, which produce eggs, and the uterus, where a fertilized egg can develop into a baby. The reproductive system is controlled by hormones from the endocrine system, and it plays a key role in sexual development and reproduction. Understanding the reproductive system is important for overall health and well-being.
The Integumentary System
The integumentary system includes the skin, hair, and nails, and it serves as the body’s first line of defense against the outside environment. The skin protects the body from harmful substances, such as bacteria and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and helps regulate body temperature. It also contains nerve endings that allow us to feel sensations like touch, heat, and cold. Hair and nails also provide protection and play a role in sensory perception. The integumentary system is essential for maintaining the body’s overall health and protecting it from external threats.
Otázky zkoušejícího na vypracovaný text na téma The Human Body
- What are the main functions of the skeletal system?
- Can you explain how the muscular system works?
- How does the nervous system help us respond to our environment?
- What role does the heart play in the circulatory system?
- How do the lungs contribute to the respiratory system?
- What is the process of digestion in the human body?
- Why is the immune system important for our health?
- What are hormones and how do they affect the body?
- Can you describe the differences between male and female reproductive systems?
- How does the skin protect the body from harm?
- Why is calcium important for the skeletal system?
- What are the three types of muscles, and where are they found?
- How does the brain communicate with the rest of the body?
- What happens if the circulatory system does not work properly?
- How does the body remove waste products?
Vzor odpovědí na otázky zkoušejícího
1. What are the main functions of the skeletal system?
The skeletal system provides structure to the body, protects vital organs, supports movement by working with muscles, and stores important minerals like calcium.
2. Can you explain how the muscular system works?
The muscular system works by muscles contracting and relaxing. This allows us to move. There are three types of muscles: skeletal muscles help us move, smooth muscles work in our organs, and cardiac muscle keeps the heart beating.
3. How does the nervous system help us respond to our environment?
The nervous system controls our senses and reactions. It sends messages from the brain to different body parts so we can respond to things like heat, pain, or sound.
4. What role does the heart play in the circulatory system?
The heart is the main pump of the circulatory system. It pushes blood through the blood vessels, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body and removing waste products.
5. How do the lungs contribute to the respiratory system?
The lungs take in oxygen from the air and transfer it to the blood. They also remove carbon dioxide from the blood, which we then exhale.
6. What is the process of digestion in the human body?
Digestion starts in the mouth, where food is broken down. It then moves to the stomach and intestines, where it is further processed so the body can absorb nutrients.
7. Why is the immune system important for our health?
The immune system protects us from infections by fighting off bacteria, viruses, and other harmful invaders. It helps us stay healthy and recover from illnesses.
8. What are hormones and how do they affect the body?
Hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands. They control many body functions, like growth, metabolism, and mood, helping the body maintain balance.
9. Can you describe the differences between male and female reproductive systems?
The male reproductive system produces and delivers sperm. The female reproductive system produces eggs and can support the development of a baby.
10. How does the skin protect the body from harm?
The skin acts as a barrier, keeping out harmful substances like bacteria and protecting against UV rays. It also helps regulate body temperature.
11. Why is calcium important for the skeletal system?
Calcium is crucial for keeping bones strong and healthy. It also plays a role in muscle function and nerve signaling.
12. What are the three types of muscles, and where are they found?
The three types of muscles are skeletal muscles, found attached to bones; smooth muscles, found in organs; and cardiac muscle, found in the heart.
13. How does the brain communicate with the rest of the body?
The brain sends signals through the spinal cord and nerves to different parts of the body, telling them what to do, like moving a hand or feeling pain.
14. What happens if the circulatory system does not work properly?
If the circulatory system doesn’t work, organs won’t get enough oxygen or nutrients, leading to serious health problems like heart disease or stroke.
15. How does the body remove waste products?
The body removes waste through systems like the respiratory system (carbon dioxide), the urinary system (urine), and the digestive system (feces).
Ukázka osnovy pro prezentování tématu The Human Body
Osnova je skvělá pomůcka pro mluvení nejen anglicky. Pokud máte hlavní body k danému tématu, pak ke každému bodu stačí říct pár vět, a najednou je z osnovy prezentace na několik minut!
- The Skeletal System
- The Muscular System
- The Nervous System
- The Circulatory System
- The Respiratory System
- The Digestive System
- The Immune System
- The Endocrine System
- The Reproductive System
- The Integumentary System